|
MEASURING WATER CONDUCTIVITY |
|||||
| For pools, ponds, aquariums, use the Water Test meter to
monitor 4 most important water properties pH / Conductivity / ORP/ Temp in One Unit
Useful for making
colloidal silver
and colloidal
gold.
The design of the Water-Test meter is such that it can be lowered into the water to be tested in order to fill the Black sample chamber at the bottom of the unit. It can then be removed from the water and stood in a position to allow for ease of reading of the various parameters For Colloidal Nanocrystalline Waters use the PWT meter which is more sensitive for low levels of ppm. We have searched carefully and recommend the pocket size Pure Water Tester (PWT) which measures low levels down to 0.1 microSiemens (uS) of conductivity with 0.1 microSiemens resolution and full scale up to 99.9 microSiemens. We recommend that you do not buy the wider range, less sensitive meters going up to 1000 microSiemens or a TDS (Total Dissolved Solid) meter (calibrated for Sodium Chloride). This very useful conductivity meter can be ordered from us. Price of pocket water tester: $160 US. We can supply calibration solution of conductivity 84 uS to check any conductivity meter for accuracy. Some of our samples of 38 microSiemens measured to be 24 ppm of Silver, which is a ratio of 38/24 = 1.58 or 24/38 = 0.63 = approximately 2/3 of the conductivity reading. Other samples of 26.7 uS was equivalent to 14.5 ppm = ratio of 0.54, while other experts have found ratio of 1.2 which may mean that their CS had large uncharged particles of silver contributing to the ppm measurement. TDS meters are calibrated for Sodium Chloride salt 0.1 microSiemens corresponds to 0.04 ppm (parts per million) of Sodium Chloride salt. 1 microSiemens corresponds to 0.4 ppm of Sodium Chloride salt. 10 microSiemens corresponds to 4.3 ppm of Sodium Chloride salt. 99.9 microSiemens corresponds to 48 ppm of Sodium Chloride salt. Conductivity is the reciprocal of resistance. 1 microSiemens of conductivity corresponds to an electrical resistance of 1 megohm, 100 microSiemens of conductivity corresponds to an electrical resistance of 10,000 (10K) ohms, Understanding
mS, g/l, mg/l, ppm, ppt & converting from one to the other The unit of measure commonly used in Siemens per centimeter (S/cm). The conductivity of water is usually expressed as microSiemens/cm (µS/cm) which is 10-6 S/CM. The relation between conductivity and dissolved solids is approximately:
Be aware that the above figures are for Sodium Chloride salt and do not correspond accurately to colloidal parts per million. This is because colloidal waters have positive as well as negative nanometre particles and ions, exerting complex double-layer, Zeta potential and quantum effects. The only accurate method to measure colloidal waters is to do what we had to do and send a sample to a lab such as Natural Immunogenics at http://www.natural-immunogenics.com/lab_analytical.php in Florida. They will do the following: Ag -- Silver or Gold Concentration AnalysesThe results of silver concentration analysis (in parts per million) and other pertinent observations will be returned with a Certificate of Analysis. Minimum 1 oz samples must be submitted, appropriately coded with your identification marks. Turn-around time is generally 5 business days from receipt. Price per Sample -- $35.00 each Particle Characterization AnalysesObservations are returned with a Certificate of Analysis and includes two b/w micrograph photos at 100,000x (unless otherwise specified). This analysis is designed specifically for imaging & sizing Silver particles. Samples of a 10 ml minimum appropriately coded with your identification markings required. Work is performed on a Phillips EM400T Transmission Electron Microscope (up to 480,000x magnification, resolution to 2.5 Angstroms). Turn-around time is 7 business days from receipt. Price per Sample -- $75.00 each Comparative Bacteriology AnalysesSamples are evaluated against various ‘standards’ for comparative bactericidal efficiency. Results are returned in a paper describing the methodology employed and images stripped from the culture plates. Turn-around time is generally 7 business days from receipt. For an example of such a paper click here. Note: it is necessary to do a concentration analysis in order to establish basic parameters (see above) as the data is critical for accuracy in such evaluations. Price per sample -- $85.00 each Telephone numbers: 1-888-328-8840 (toll Free -
from the US & Canda only) or Write: Natural-Immunogenics Corp.
Get accurate readings for DC voltage, DC current, AC voltage, resistance, transistor test, diode test, and continuity response. Features easy-to-read 3-1/2 digit LCD readout, positive set selector switch, and 32" leads. Low battery indication.Fuse and diode protected circuit.
Price: $30 US
|